As China’s economy develops and urbanization accelerates, the urban population continues to increase. By the end of 2022, China’s urbanization rate will reach 65.22%. As a result, the total amount of waste generated in the process of urban production and living also grows gradually over the years, and the coverage of waste collection and management continues to improve, with the composition of the waste and the treatment system becoming more and more complex.

In order to ensure urban development, ecological environment, and residents’ quality of life, China has continuously improved its waste management policy system, promoted the transformation and upgrade of waste management, and gradually realized a high quality development path from treatment and disposal to waste classification and fine management. In this report, three representative municipalities/districts in China, including Suzhou, Ningbo, and Yantian District of Shenzhen, are selected and analyzed. By summarizing their experiences in MSW management, this case study report has been compiled to provide insights and serve as a reference for other cities that facing challenges of MSW management.